Contact - TUBE FLARING TUBE FLARE ORFS FLARE 37 FLARE 45 FLARE

Trees within the order Fagales possess particularly potent allergens, e.g. the prototypical Bet v 1, the major white birch (Betula 🤑 verrucosa - now called B. pendula) pollen antigen. Bet v 1 is the main cause of type I allergies observed 🤑 in early spring. Type I, or immunoglobulin E-mediated (IgE-mediated) allergies affect 1 in 5 people in Europe and North America. 🤑 Commonly observed symptoms are hay fever, dermatitis, asthma and, in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. First contact with these allergens results 🤑 in sensitisation; subsequent contact produces a cross-linking reaction of IgE on mast cells and concomitant release of histamine. The inevitable 🤑 symptoms of an allergic reaction ensue.

A nomenclature system has been established for antigens (allergens) that cause IgE-mediated atopic allergies in 🤑 humans.[2] This nomenclature system is defined by a designation that is composed of the first three letters of the genus; 🤑 a space; the first letter of the species name; a space and an Arabic number. In the event that two 🤑 species names have identical designations, they are discriminated from one another by adding one or more letters (as necessary) to 🤑 each species designation.

Structure [ edit ]

Function [ edit ]

The biological function of Bet v 1 is still under investigations. Bet 🤑 v 1 harbors a large hydrophobic pocket and is able to bind a large spectra of ligands in it like 🤑 hormones[6] and siderophores like flavonols. It belongs to the pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, which are usually expressed upon infections and stressful 🤑 conditions,[7] implicating a role in host defense. In vitro, Bet v 1 has been shown to be immune-suppressive, due to 🤑 its ability to bind to iron-flavonoid complexes, which it can shuttle into human monocytic cells to increase their labile iron 🤑 pool and stimulate the anti-inflammatory Arylhydrocarbon receptor pathway (https://mdpi/2076-3921/12/1/42). As such, only without any ligand, Bet v 1 was able 🤑 to mount a Th2-response and turned into an allergen.[8]